OVERVIEW OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PHYSICIAN TRAINING: A SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract

This study aimed to provide an overview of the global status of preventive medicine physician training. A descriptive scoping review was conducted. The results show that preventive medicine physician training worldwide varies, with undergraduate programs in Russia, China and Vietnam, and postgraduate training in the U.S., Canada, France, and Italy. Common challenges include limited specialty recognition, inconsistent competencies, and unclear professional identity. In China, training is theory-heavy; in the U.S., workforce shortages and unstable funding persist; Italy shows high contract placement but some residents continue job searching. In Vietnam, the six-year undergraduate program ensures a workforce pipeline but lacks practical exposure, interdisciplinary collaboration, and modern skills such as digital health and emergency response. Recommendations include strengthening field-based and practical training; standardizing curriculum programs and certification; expanding career opportunities; ensuring stable funding; and integrating preventive medicine with clinical practice to enhance professional recognition and prepare physicians for evolving public health challenges.