WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR HPV VACCINATION AMONG PARENTS OF CHILDREN IN THE RECOMMENDED VACCINATION AGE GROUP AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

This study aimed to synthesize evidence on willingness to pay (WTP) for HPV vaccines and to identify factors associated with WTP among parents of children aged 9–14 years in Asia. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2011 and 2026. Eligible studies were required to report monetary WTP values for HPV vaccination. A total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria, including studies conducted in Vietnam, Thailand, China, Indonesia, India, and Hong Kong. Mean WTP values ranged from approximately USD 9 to USD 277, and in all studies, the reported WTP was lower than the market price of the vaccine. Factors consistently associated with higher WTP included greater HPV-related knowledge, higher household income, higher educational attainment, and the availability of government subsidies. Major barriers to WTP included high vaccine cost, concerns about adverse effects, and limited awareness of HPV-related disease risks. The findings highlight a substantial gap between parental WTP and current HPV vaccine prices, underscoring the need for subsidy policies combined with health education and communication interventions to improve access to HPV vaccination in Asian countries, particularly in the context of Vietnam’s planned integration of HPV vaccination into the National Expanded Program on Immunization starting in 2026.